Case solution free essay sample

Arrangement: Moving from â€Å"make do† to â€Å"can do† Meeting SUBWAY’s desires implied IPC required topnotch the board of key issues: Card programs: A recently actualized Gift card program †what's more, the executives of a current unwaveringness card program †brought high client interest for IPC to deal with card issues and set a genuine weight on them to react productively. Client support: Efforts to address issues were being copied and the procedure was overseen physically. There was no genuine control of client support, so issues were becoming lost despite a general sense of vigilance. Centralization: IPC required a framework to bring together client issues and wipe out redundancies. IPC had no real way to know or then again track if numerous assets were working freely to determine a similar client issue. With a Christmas season rapidly drawing closer, IPC anticipated higher volume requests, which implied they more help assets. They chose the planning was directly for CRM Arrangement: Moving from â€Å"make do† to â€Å"can do† Meeting SUBWAY’s desires implied IPC required topnotch the board of key issues: Card programs: A recently executed Gift card program †what's more, the board of a current dependability card program †brought high client interest for IPC to deal with card issues and put a genuine weight on them to react effectively. Client care: Efforts to address issues were being copied and the procedure was overseen physically. There was no genuine control of client support, so issues were becoming lost despite a general sense of vigilance. Centralization: IPC required a framework to bring together client issues and wipe out redundancies. IPC had no real way to know or on the other hand track if numerous assets were working autonomously to determine a similar client issue. With a Christmas season rapidly drawing nearer, IPC anticipated higher volume requests, which implied they more help assets. They chose the planning was directly for CRM

Costs and Contract Terms Essay Example for Free

Expenses and Contract Terms Essay Official Summary Over the range of 168 recreated days, group Honeybadgers dealt with the Littlefield Technologies work shop. The team’s objective was to amplify the firm’s money position comparative with the remainder of the class. Utilizing 50 days of verifiable information, the group audited re-request focuses, re-request amount, limit, lead times, and consequently contract terms. The group likewise gauged the expense of new machines against capital for stock and loan fees, assessing the arrival on speculation and the effect another machine had on lead times. Utilizing this thought set, group Honeybadgers bought one tuning machine, one stuffing machine, and changed the agreement terms on ten events. At last, the group set fifth. Activities Analysis Changing Contract Terms: A multi day lead time produced higher income than the other agreement terms during the initial 50 days. Notwithstanding, we saw that there was a stretch of 5-8 days when the lead time was underneath a 1 day lead time during the initial 50 days. Assessing the initial 50 days all the more firmly uncovered that around each 15-20 days, the lead time dropped considerably. Seeing a theme, and mindful that an alternate agreement time could produce more income, we chose to micromanage the agreements to improve income. For the length of reenactment, we balanced agreement as per the drifting lead time. In the midst of appeal, when a lead time was over 18 hours, we selected not to utilize contract #3 in light of the expense of each request (avg. work cost+ordering cost = $608.33) Micromanaging the agreements as per lead times was a transitory arrangement. This procedure permitted us to improve income when we didn't have the money to buy a machine. Buying Tuning and Stuffing Machines: We initially needed to buy both a tuning and stuffing machine in light of the fact that the two stations had extended lengths when limit was pushed to the limit. Nonetheless, without adequate capital, we needed to apportion buys. The tuning machine was at limit all the more frequently. At a certain point the machine was at limit with regards to 18 days straight. Buying the tuning machine dispensed with a bottleneck at that station, which permitted us to create more DSS items. In spite of the fact that the Tuning machine was organized, the bottleneck at the Stuffing machine was close to as tricky as the Tuning station’s. The Stuffing machine was at limit with regards to 15 days straight. In the wake of buying the Stuffing machine, bottleneck moved once more, and we had the option to create more DSS items. We didn't buy a third machine since it was muddled whether the income earned would balance the expense of the machine. The lead time was floating around  ½ a day when we had the money to make the buy, and we didn't accept the extra machine would improve our lead time enough to legitimize a buy. Everything considered the two machines ought to have been bought before. We will assess the advantages of this methodology in the â€Å"Risks and Evaluations† segment. Deciding Not to Borrow: At the point when we got qualified to apply for a line of credit, we chose to forego the alternative since we didn't have to obtain. Our money standing was moderately high all through the reproduction in light of the fact that micromanaging contract terms demonstrated genuinely successful. Another obstacle was the terribly high loan cost. A 20% financing cost alleviated any additional advantage picked up from applying for a line of credit. Deciding Not to change re-request point: Re-requesting packs was a sizeable fixed expense, yet we didn't change the re-request point/request amount since request inconstancy was genuinely high. We knew there was an open door cost related with holding an excessive amount of stock since we could have earned premium income from the money spent on stock. Nonetheless, we maintained the control sums Q high on the grounds that (1)we need to spare requesting cost and (2) we were not worried about having a lot of stock available when there was no immediate cost, (for example, warehousing) related with holding stock. Stock Strategy Final Hours: During the last 12 recreation days we thought about building up an arrangement to limit our stock toward the finish of the reenactment. Be that as it may, we didn't know how to figure this, and the expenses related with running of stock was too high to even think about risking committing an error. Results The Honeybadgers group completed the Littlefield reenactment in fifth spot, posting $1,511,424 in real money. The team’s last money position was $104,192 underneath the primary spot group, gaining 93.5% of their all out income. Dangers and Evaluations Toward the start of the reenactment, we needed to keep up a high R and Q since we needed to stay away from high requesting costs. While we considered keeping stock low to set aside cash for another machine, we didn't know the improved lead time could balance the expense of machines. In any case, looking back we understood that we could have overseen R and Q better from the get-go in the reproduction, in order to limit the measure of overabundance crude stock. We currently realize that we could have balanced R as per the inconstancy of interest, holding that the more interest varies; the higher R is and the other way around. We accept that this strategy could have permitted us to amass enough money to buy machines prior, potentially as right on time as day 80 or 90. Buying a machine prior could have improved lead times, permitting us to change to contract #3 prior in order to produce more income. We ought to have adjusted between requesting costs during the most recent 100 days and the expense of having over the top or pointless stock after a day ago. In the most recent day we despite everything had around $80k of stock, which held no an incentive after interest stopped. Overseeing stock better would have given more money available.

The Genetic Code

The Genetic Code Overview This module will inspect how data is encoded in DNA, and how that data is deciphered to realize changes in cells and tissues. Destinations 1. Comprehend the triplet idea of the hereditary code, and know the importance of the term codon. 2. Realize that the code is degenerate, and what that implies. 3. Realize that the code is unambiguous, and what that implies. 4. Know the personalities of the beginning and stop codons, and see how they work. The Genetic Code It has been referenced in an assortment of modules that DNA stores hereditary information.That much was obvious from theâ experimentsâ of Avery, Macleod, and McCarty and Hershey and Chase. Be that as it may, these tests didn't explain how DNA stores hereditary data. Clarification of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick didn't offer a conspicuous clarification of how the data may be put away. DNA was developed from nucleotides containing just four potential bases (A, G, C, and T). The central i ssue was: how would you code for the entirety of the qualities of a life form utilizing just a four letter set? Review theâ central doctrine of sub-atomic biology.The data put away in DNA is eventually moved to protein, which is the thing that gives cells and tissues their specific properties. Proteins are direct chains of amino acids, and there are 20 amino acids found in proteins. So the genuine inquiry turns out to be: how does a four letter letters in order code for every conceivable mix of 20 amino acids? By building multi-letter â€Å"words† out of the four letters in the letter set, it is conceivable to code for the entirety of the amino acids. In particular, it is conceivable to make 64 distinctive three letter words from simply the four letters of the hereditary letter set, which covers the 20 amino acids easily.This sort of thinking prompted the proposition of a triplet hereditary code. Examinations involvingâ in vitroâ translation of short manufactured RNAs in t he long run affirmed that the hereditary code is undoubtedly a triplet code. The three-letter â€Å"words† of the hereditary code are known asâ codons. This trial approach was likewise used to work out the connection between singular codons and the different amino acids. After this â€Å"cracking† of the hereditary code, a few properties of the hereditary code got evident: * The hereditary code is made out of nucleotide triplets.In different words, three nucleotides in mRNA (a codon) indicate one amino corrosive in a protein. * The code is non-covering. This implies progressive triplets are perused all together. Every nucleotide is a piece of just a single triplet codon. * The hereditary code is unambiguous. Every codon determines a specific amino corrosive, and just a single amino corrosive. At the end of the day, the codon ACG codes for the amino corrosive threonine, andâ onlyâ threonine. * The hereditary code is degenerate. Conversely, every amino corrosive can b e determined byâ moreâ than one codon. * The code is about universal.Almost all living beings in nature (from microscopic organisms to people) use the very same hereditary code. The uncommon exemptions remember a few changes for the code in mitochondria, and in a couple of protozoan animal varieties. * A Non-covering Code * The hereditary code is perused in gatherings (or â€Å"words†) of three nucleotides. In the wake of perusing one triplet, the â€Å"reading frame† moves more than three letters, not only a couple. In the accompanying model, the code wouldâ notâ be read GAC, ACU, CUG, UGA†¦ * Rather, the code would be perused GAC, UGA, CUG, ACU†¦ * Degeneracy of the Genetic Code There are 64 distinctive triplet codons, and just 20 amino acids. Except if some amino acids are indicated by more than one codon, a few codons would be totally good for nothing. In this way, some repetition is incorporated with the framework: some amino acids are coded for by n umerous codons. At times, the excess codons are identified with one another by arrangement; for instance, leucine is determined by the codons CUU, CUA, CUC, and CUG. Note how the codons are the equivalent with the exception of the third nucleotide position. This third position is known as the â€Å"wobble† position of the codon.This is on the grounds that in various cases, the character of the base at the third position can wobble, and a similar amino corrosive will at present be indicated. This property permits some insurance against transformation †if a transformation happens at the third situation of a codon, there is a decent possibility that the amino corrosive determined in the encoded protein won't change. * Reading Frames * If you consider it, in light of the fact that the hereditary code is triplet based, there are three potential ways a specific message can be perused, as appeared in the accompanying figure: * Clearly, each of these would yield totally extraord inary results.To delineate the point utilizing a relationship, think about the accompanying arrangement of letters: * theredfoxatethehotdog * If this series of letters is perused three letters one after another, there is one perusing outline that works: * the red fox ate the frank * and two perusing outlines that produce jabber: * t her edf oxa tet heh otd og * th ere dfo xat eth eho tdo g * Genetic messages work similarly: there is one perusing outline that bodes well, and two perusing outlines that are babble. * So how is the perusing outline picked for a particular mRNA? The appropriate response is found in the hereditary code itself.The code contains signals for beginning and halting interpretation of the code. Theâ start codon is AUG. AUG additionally codes for the amino corrosive methionine, yet the main AUG experienced signs for interpretation to start. The beginning codon sets the understanding casing: AUG is the primary triplet, and resulting triplets are perused in a similar understanding edge. Interpretation proceeds until aâ stop codonâ is experienced. There are three stop codons: UAA, UAG, and UGA. To be perceived as a stop codon, the tripletâ mustâ be in a similar perusing outline as the beginning codon. A perusing outline between a beginning codon and an in-outline stop codon is called anâ open perusing frame.Let's perceive how an arrangement would be interpreted by thinking about the accompanying succession: 5†²-GUCCCGUGAUGCCGAGUUGGAGUCGAUAACUCAGAAU-3†² First, the code is perused in aâ 5†² to 3†² course. The principal AUG read toward that path sets the understanding edge, and resulting codons are perused in outline, until the stop codon, UAA, is experienced. Note that there are three nucleotides, UAG (demonstrated by reference marks) that would some way or another comprise a stop codon, then again, actually the codon is out of edge and isn't perceived as a stop. In this succession, there are nucleotides at either end that are outside of the open perusing frame.Because they are outside of the open understanding casing, these nucleotides are not used to code for amino acids. This is typical in mRNA particles. The area at the 5†² end that isn't interpreted is called theâ 5†² untranslated district, orâ 5†² UTR. The area at the 3†² end is called theâ 3†² UTR. These groupings, despite the fact that they don't encode any polypeptide succession, are not squandered: in eukaryotes these areas ordinarily contain administrative arrangements that can influence when a message gets deciphered, where in a cell a mRNA is confined, and to what extent a mRNA keeps going in a cell before it is destroyed.A point by point assessment of these groupings is past the extent of this course. The Genetic Code: Summary of Key Points * The hereditary code is a triplet code, with codons of three bases coding for explicit amino acids. Every triplet codon determines just a single amino cor rosive, yet an individual amino corrosive might be indicated by more than one codon. * A beginning codon, AUG, sets the understanding edge, and signals the beginning of interpretation of the hereditary code. Interpretation proceeds in a non-covering style until a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is experienced in outline. The nucleotides between the beginning and stop codons include an open understanding edge.

Commonwealth Games - Free Essay Example

HISTORY AND OVERVIEW OF THE COMMONWEALTH GAMES BY MARTINS BEN IGWE THE COMMONWEALTH FAMILY The Commonwealth is an association of independent sovereign states spread over every continent and ocean. The Commonwealth’s 2 billion people make up 30% of the world’s population and are of many faiths, races, languages, cultures and traditions. The Commonwealth Games Family is best described as all persons who are entitled to accreditation at the Games under the provisions of the CGF. COMMONWEALTH GAMES FEDERATION (CGF) The CGF is the governing body of the Commonwealth Games with the overall responsibility for the direction and control of the Games. The Patron is Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and the Vice Patron is HRH the Earl of Wessex. Other members of the governing body are the President, Executive Board Members, Committees, Staff and Distinguished Guests of the CGF, Secretary General of the Commonwealth Sovereigns, Heads of State Government (including royalty), Future Organising Committees, World Anti Doping Association and the Court of Arbitration for Sports. THE HISTORY OF THE COMMONWEALTH GAMES The Commonwealth games were first held in 1930 in a city called Hamilton, Canada where 11 countries sent 400 athletes to take part in 6 sports and 59 events. Bobby Robinson, a major influence within athletics in Canada at the time, finally implemented the event that had been talked about amongst Commonwealth nations for over thirty years with the City of Hamilton providing $30,000 to help cover travelling costs of the participating nations. Since then, the Games have been conducted every four years, except for 1942 and 1946 due to the World War II. The event has seen many changes, not least in its name. From 1930 to 1950 the Games were known as the British Empire Games, from 1954 until 1966 the British Empire and Commonwealth Games and from 1970 to 1974 they took on the title of British Commonwealth Games. It was the 1978 Games in Edmonton that saw this unique, world class, and multi-sports event change its name to the Commonwealth Games. Often referred to as the â€Å"Friendly Games†, only single competition sports had been on the programme from 1930 up to and including the 1994 Games in Victoria. The 1998 Games in Kuala Lumpur saw the introduction of team sports with nations taking part in cricket (50 over game), hockey (men and women), netball (women) and rugby 7s (men). In Manchester in 2002 hockey, netball and rugby 7s graced the programme again and at the 2006 Games in Melbourne basketball accompanied hockey, netball and rugby 7s on the programme. Presently in Delhi 2010 hockey, netball and rugby 7’s are again a feature. The 2002 Games in Manchester also saw for the first time, indeed at any multi-sport event in the world, a limited number of full medal events for elite athletes with a disability (EAD) in a fully inclusive sports programme. This continued in Melbourne where EAD athletes took part in athletics, swimming, table tennis and powerlifting. In the year 2000 the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) took on the added responsibility of the Commonwealth Youth Games, open to athletes 18 years of age and under the Youth Games provide an excellent opportunity for aspiring young athletes from the Commonwealth with a taste of what the Commonwealth Games has in store for them in the future. The inaugural Games were in Edinburgh with the last edition being hosted in 2004 in Bendigo, Australia with Pune in India in 2008 hosting the 3rd edition. In such a short space of time the Youth Games has grown in stature and this is evidenced by award of the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games to the Isle of Man. The story of the Games evolved yet again on the 9th November 2007 when Glasgow (Scotland) was awarded the right to host the 2014 Commonwealth Games. COMMONWEALTH GAMES ASSOCIATIONS (CGA) The CGAs are the 71 recognised organisations that are responsible for preparing, selecting a nd sending a team of athletes and support staff to compete in each Commonwealth Games, Athletes, Presidents and Secretaries General, Chefs de Mission, Team Officials (Coaches, Media, Medical, and Administrative) and special guests. THE 20TH COMMONWEALTH GAMES The 20th Commonwealth Games in 2014 tagged Glasgow 2014 will be held in Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland. The winning city was announced by the Commonwealth Games Federation on 9 November 2007 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The Games will run over 11 days of competition from 24 July to 3 August 2014. It will be the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland. Over the last 10 years however Glasgow and Scotland have also staged World, Commonwealth, European or British events in all 17 sports proposed for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, including the World Badminton Championships in 1997. It will be the third time the Commonwealth Games have been held in Scotland, previously hosting in 1970 and 1986, both occasions in Edinburgh. BIDDING TO HOST THE COMMONWEALTH GAMES 2014 Scotland was the first country to consider hosting the 2014 Commonwealth Games in 2004, with Scottish cities being invited by the Commonwealth Games Council for Scotland to consider making a bid. In September 2004, Glasgow was announced as the Scottish candidate city over Edinburgh (which hosted the Games in 1970 and 1986, and the inaugural Commonwealth Youth Games in 2000) following a cost-benefit analysis by the Commonwealth Games Council for Scotland. The Scottish Executive under the First Minister of Scotland, Jack McConnell, with the support of the United Kingdom government and all main parties in the Scottish Parliament, formally announced Glasgows intention to host the games on 16 August 2005. In March 2006, the bidding process began, with the Glasgow Bid team presenting their case to the Commonwealth Games Federation at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, along with the other confirmed candidate cities; the Nigerian ca pital, Abuja and Halifax in Canada. In October 2006, the first voting delegates arrived in Glasgow, in order to inspect the citys existing and proposed amenities and facilities. Glasgow announced on 16 January 2007, the 17 sports to be included should its bid be successful. Halifax later withdrew its bid on 8 March 2007, following the withdrawal of funding from the municipal government. That left Abuja and Glasgow as the remaining bidders, with Abuja seen as a likely favourite due the basis of its campaign that an African nation has never before hosted the Commonwealth Games. The deadline for formal submission of bids to the Commonwealth Games Federation, in the form of a Candidate City File, was set for May 2007. Both bids were highly recommended, though Glasgows bid team had made use of extensive benchmarking against the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne and as a result, its bid was deemed technically superior according to the CGF Evaluation Report that was released in September 2007. The Commonwealth Games Evaluation Commission concluded that: Glasgow has shown it has the ability to stage the 2014 Commonwealth Games to a standard which would continue to enhance the image and prestige of the Games. This put Glasgow ahead in terms of the technical comprehensiveness of its bid. The final decision on the host city of the 2014 Commonwealth Games was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 9 November 2007 at the Commonwealth Games Federation General Assembly, attended by all 71 Commonwealth Games member associations. Each bid city made a presentation to the General Assembly, the order of which was determined by drawing lots. Glasgows delegation was led by Louise Martin, First Minister Alex Salmond, athlete Jamie Quarry and Leader of Glasgow City Council Steven Purcell. The presentation also included a promotional film narrated by Sir Sean Connery. Abujas delegation was led by General Yakubu Gowon, head of the Ab uja 2014 Commonwealth Games bid team. The CGF members subsequently voted for their preferred candidate in a secret ballot. As there were only two bids, the winner was announced by the CGF President, Mike Fennell, after the first round of voting, with the winner only requiring a simple majority. The results of the bidding process were: Abuja (Nigeria)24 votes Glasgow (Scotland)47 votes GAMES IMPACT The Scottish Government, Glasgow City Council and Commonwealth Games Scotland all have ambitious plans to generate a lasting social, economic and sporting legacy from the Games. Historically host cities have seldom managed to achieve these kinds of legacy benefits, but the planning and preparation for Glasgows bid goes back to 2002, and much consideration has been given to this aspect. Indeed the belief that the Games could be a catalyst for such change was one of the major reasons why Glasgow put in a bid in the first place. The Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games will have a profound i mpact on the positive reputation on the City of Glasgow and Scotland. It will affect the environment, economic climate and society as a whole. Glasgow 2014 Organizing Committee will approach the journey to deliver the Games in a responsible and sustainable manner. A number of key policies will be developed to tackle Games delivery issues such as sustainability, the environment, accessibility and health and safety. It is Glasgow 2014s intention to cascade its philosophy throughout all operational aspects of the organization and to collaborate with its Games partners and stakeholders to maximize the value of such initiatives may bring as a result of a successful Games. MISSION, VISION AND VALUES OF THE ORGANIZING BODY FOR GLASGOW 2010 The mission The mission of the organizing body is to organize and deliver the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games in a way that fully realizes the aspirations of the Glasgow Bid and the contractual obligations of the Host City Contract on ime and on budg et. The vision The vision of the organizing body is to stage an outstanding, athlete-centered and sport-focused Games of world-class competition that will be celebrated across the Commonwealth, generate enormous pride in Glasgow and Scotland, and leave a lasting legacy. The values The value of the organizing body is an inclusive organization that epitomizes the values of integrity, responsibility and endeavor. It is one in which all people of Scotland will be valued. They also aim to engage other game partners in the spirit of sportsmanship. FINANCING AND ADMINISTRATION The Scottish Government and Glasgow City Council agreed to underwrite the Organizing Committees net running costs of staging the Games, which is currently budgeted at ? 288m. This will be on the basis of an 80/20 split. It is expected that the majority of the 80% of costs to be covered by the Scottish Government will be new money committed to the sports and major events budget. A further ? 50m is expected to be ra ised through merchandising, broadcasting, sponsorship and ticket sales. Current major corporate sponsors include; Clydesdale Bank, Highland Spring, O2, FirstGroup, BBC Scotland and Diageo. Other capital expenditure is taking place in addition to the Organizing Committees budget, principally on venue infrastructure. Only three entirely new venues are required to stage the games, which are budgeted at a combined total of ? 200 million and additions to existing venues will cost an additional ? 70 million, although most of this investment had been planned to take place regardless of the bid result. The Games Village is projected to cost some ? 229 million and will be developed through a Public Private Partnership scheme. Following the announcement on 9 November 2007 that Glasgow will host the Games, the Scottish Parliament passed the Glasgow Commonwealth Games Bill. This legislation aims to protect the Games from Ambush marketing and ticket touts, while putting powers in place to address matters such as transport and land purchase. The Glasgow Commonwealth Games Act 2008 received Royal Assent on 10 June 2008. On 14 November 2007, the First Minister of Scotland, Alex Salmond announced the disbandment of the bid committee headed Louise Martin, Chair of the Commonwealth Games Council for Scotland and Bid Director and said that a new committee would be announced within the next 100 days. On 8 February 2008, Sir Robert Smith was appointed as Chair of the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games organizing company. Smith is the former Chairman of the Weir Group, CEO of Morgan Grenfell Private Equity and BBC Governor and Chairman for the Broadcasting Council for Scotland PREPARATIONS BY HOST COMMUNITY VENUES One of the key technical aspects of Glasgows successful bid was the fact that the city already has 70 percent of the planned venues in place. The vast majority of venues are located within 20-minutes driving time of the Athletes Village in Dalmarnock and are broad ly grouped into three clusters; in the East End, South Side and West End districts of the city. The only sports held outside the Greater Glasgow area will be the Diving and Full-Bore Shooting events. ?Main Stadia Hampden Park, Scotlands National Football Stadium, located on the South Side, will be the main venue for Athletics and the Closing Ceremony, while Celtic Park, located in the East End, will be used for the Opening Ceremony. ?West End cluster The Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre, located in the West End of the city, will host Wrestling and Judo, as well the Main Press Centre and the International Broadcast Centre, benefiting from its strategic position adjacent to the new headquarters of BBC Scotland and SMG at Pacific Quay. The Clyde Auditorium will host Weightlifting, whilst the new Scottish National Arena will be used for the Gymnastics and Netball events. Kelvingrove Park, will be the venue for Bowls and already has five bowling greens installed for compet itive use. A comprehensive upgrade and refurbishment of the park is underway. Kelvingrove Park is situated close to the SECC and is adjacent to the Kelvin Hall, which will host the Boxing tournament. Scotstoun Sports Centre will host Table tennis and Squash. ?East End Cluster A new National Indoor Sports Arena and the Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome Complex is planned for Parkhead in the East End of the city, the Velodrome itself will be opposite Celtic Park, which will be used for the opening ceremony. These venues will become the headquarters of Sportscotland and Scottish Cycling, and will also host Badminton as well as Track cycling. The Road cycling and Cycling Time-trial events will start and finish at Glasgow Green. Glasgow Green will also be the venue for Field hockey and will see the construction of a new Regional Hockey Centre. The Athletes’ Village will be located adjacent to the National Indoor Sports Arena and Velodrome in Dalmarnock at Cuningar Loop on the banks of the River Clyde. The village will form the centrepiece of the wider Clyde Gateway Project, a strategic ? 1. 6 billion inner city regeneration project for the East End of the city. The village masterplan covers a 35 hectare site and will be purpose-built to house 6,000 athletes and officials in 2,500 residential units and leave a legacy of regeneration in this deprived district of the city. Tollcross Park Aquatics Centre will be the venue for Race swimming events. It already has one Olympic standard 50 metre swimming pool, which will be extensively upgraded, and a second 50 metre pool is also to be added for the Games as a warm-up facility. The existing permanent seating capacity will also be increased by 1000. Combined with additional temporary seating there will be over 5,000 seats for the Games in 2014. Strathclyde Country Park, on the eastern outskirts of Glasgow, will host the Triathlon event. ?South Side Cluster Ibrox Stadium, in the South Side, is the planned venue for the Rugby Sevens tournament. Mountain biking will be held on the Cathkin Braes near Rutherglen, the highest point in the city. The Marathon will also begin and end at Hampden Park in the South Side, which is hosting all the Track and Field Athletics events. ?Satellite Venues Diving will be held at the Royal Commonwealth Pool in Edinburgh, located 45 miles (72 km) to the east, which will also be holding the annual Edinburgh Festival at the same time as the 2014 Commonwealth Games. The Shooting competitions will take place at two separate outdoor venues, the Strathclyde Police ranges at Jackton, near East Kilbride, and the Ministry of Defence full-bore rifle and clay target ranges at Barry Buddon, near Dundee, which were also used in the 1986 Commonwealth Games. It should also be noted that shooting is the only sporting event that will not derive an enhanced physical legacy from the Games. INFRASTRUCTURES ?Transportation As stated by the Organizing Committee, over two billion pound s will have been spent on enhancements to the citys transport infrastructure by 2014, including completion of major motorway links, like the M74 and East End Regeneration Route. There are also planned improvements to public transport provision, such as the Clyde Fastlink project. All venues in the Glasgow area will be directly served by citys extensive railway and subway network, with its main interchange at Glasgow Central/St Enoch, including; Hampden Park and Jackton, as well as the other major venues served by either the central Argyle Line or Subway. There are also ongoing improvements to the River Clyde such as the construction of new bridges and development of river-based transport. ?Utilities Glasgow has a comprehensive mains electricity network supplied by the National Grid, which is operated by Scottish Power and generated from an increasing share of renewable sources, such as Whitelee Wind Farm. More flexible electricity supplies are also readily available, with mobi le generating specialists Aggreko, based in the city. Scottish Water operates Glasgows primary water supply, which is sourced from Loch Katrine and enters the city via the state-of-the-art Milngavie water treatment works. The city has a world class healthcare sector administered by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. ?Security Strathclyde Police have a proven track record in providing security at high profile events such as the 2002 UEFA Champions League Final and the 2005 G8 summit. The Scottish Government is working closely with the Games organisers, the Police and other security services to ensure that the security arrangements in place for the Games are responsive to all circumstances. The funding for security has been considered from the outset. ?Accommodations Glasgow currently has some 11,870 hotel rooms, including three 5-star hotels. There are plans for eight new hotels in and around Glasgow. Ranging from 3 to 5 star accommodation; they will collectively provide a further 1,4 45 beds by 2014. The Glasgow City Marketing Bureau has also obtained contractual agreements from 67 hotels in the city to guarantee room rates with no minimum length of stay. ?Telecommunications In terms of telecommunications, Glasgow was voted the Intelligent Community of the Year in 2004 by the Intelligent Community Forum, in recognition of the citys comprehensive level of Broadband Internet access and highly developed 3G and Wi-Fi networks. ?Environmental Forum The Scottish Government has set up an environmental forum to provide advice and to challenge the 2014 Commonwealth Games delivery partners on the sustainability and environmental aspects of the Games, including on the design and construction of facilities and planning and operation of the Games and on legacy issues. The membership is drawn from environmental and wildlife protection organisations, local government, Scottish Government and agencies. In order to fulfil a commitment made in the Glasgow 2014 bid to ffset carbon emissions from the Games, the Scottish Government will work with its delivery partners to develop a carbon offsetting scheme for the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games. The scheme will become active soon after the completion of the Delhi Games in October 20 CONCERNS AND CONTROVERSIES Numerous activists groups, individuals, academics, media sources, politicians and charitable organisations have been critical of backing the bid to host the Games in Glasgow and of the extent the games will bring positive benefits to the people of Glasgow and Scotland as a whole. There are currently two dedicated media sources focused on holding decision makers to account regarding Legacy Commitments and presenting opposition to the displacement of residents. They are also lamenting the closure of facilities and amenities as a result of property development tied to the Games. These sources are Don’t Back the Bid (DBB) and Glasgow Games Monitor (GGM) 2014. Criticism of Health Improvement Cl aims A recently published report by Gery McCartney et al. n the British Medical Journal (BMJ 2010; 340: c2369) has cast serious doubt on the potential health benefit legacy of the Commonwealth Games 2014. Their report analysed fifty-four studies assessing the health and socio-economic impacts of major multi-sport events on the host population between 1978 and 2008. Their conclusion was as follows: â€Å"Our review found insufficient evidence to confirm or refute expectations about the health or socio-economic benefits of the host population of previous multi-sport events. Benefits from future events – such as the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in London or the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow – cannot be expected to occur automatically. On this note, until decision makers include robust, long term evaluations as part of their designs and implementation of events, it is unclear how the costs can be justified in terms of host population benefits†. The Sco ttish Government commissioned the report, but when they saw the report did not conform to the outcome they wanted, they refused to publish or own it. Criticism of Budgeting In November 2009, the Games organizers claimed that the budget allocated to hosting the games would increase from ? 373 million to ? 454 million. The budget has since been increased to an estimated ? 523. 6 million – a 40% increase from the original estimate. The first increase was put down to staffing and broadcasting costs, the second increase has been blamed on inflation. This has happened in a context in which council funding cuts have forced community centre closures and a loss of funding for a number of grass-roots sports organizations. Most recently The National Arena – a new ? 12 million, 12,000-seater venue due to host the gymnastics and netball finals, and the international broadcast centre during CG2014 – has received a ? 40 million bail-out to avoid mothballing and financial collapse by the City Council. All these have raised serious objections from those kicking against the hosting rights. Criticism of Displacement of Residents In 2009 a Compulsory Purchase Order (CPO) was served by Glasgow City Council on a number of homes and businesses on Ardenlea Street and Springfield Road. These properties are earmarked for demolition to make way for the building of the Athlete’s Village. Before a CPO is served, the Council is required to negotiate with property owners and come to a just and reasonable compensation for their property. In the case of some group of long-time residents on Ardenlea Street, this has not been the case. Before the end of 2010, those Dalmarnock homeowners and shop-owners in the way of development for the Commonwealth Games Village will be made homeless through eviction orders by Glasgow City Council. No compensation price for their properties has been agreed or paid. Despite repeated attempts by the property owners, the Cou ncil has refused to negotiate with them. Activists claim this matter has been particularly controversial in lieu of a hugely profitable land deal done between wealthy Mayfair property developer Charles Price and the City Council. Price bought a parcel of land adjacent to Ardenlea Street and Spingfield Road in Dalmarnock for ? 8 million in the period 2002-2005. The land also lies on a site earmarked for the Commonwealth Games Village and is likewise deemed essential for the Games development. The City Council had it within their powers to perform a Compulsory Purchase Order on Price’s land, but instead negotiated with Price (a process denied to Margaret Jaconelli and the other shopkeepers) resulting in a ? 17 million sale of the land with ? 3 million added VAT. A total cost of ? 20 million pounds of public money. A spokesman for Glasgow City Council said that compulsory purchase powers were not used against Price’s company because officials had been able to agree a deal with him.

Essay about Pancreatic Cancer - 1443 Words

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Lowering Tuition at Iowa State University Essays - 2183 Words

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Our Daily Bread Sliced Thin Essay Example For Students

Our Daily Bread Sliced Thin Essay King Vidor’s 1934 film Our Daily Bread is aptly named, for the film is of a prayer than an actual solution to the Great Depression. Like other Socio-political films of the era, it tries to offer a solution to the problems faced by so many Americans. However, Vidor’s message gets lost somewhere between the poor production, the bad acting, and the inconsistent ideology of the film. For those reasons what comes out at the end is an almost silly climax with little realism that offers the same amount of help that an escapist vehicle of the same period would offer. Vidor’s vision first began with his 1928 classic film of a couple being subjugated by the big city, The Crowd, which is the first part of a series of films Vidor wanted to do that depicted the lives of average American men and women (Vidor 221). The film follows the protagonist, John, as he slaves away in his office doing paperwork like so many other insignificant men. When John leaves work he is still just going through the motions, for his courtship and marriage to the heroine of the film, Mary, seems like a part of the city routine. Their marriage is enclosed by the city that their marriage suffers until Mary becomes pregnant. Here Vidor makes his point with his images of births in quantity (Bergman 76). John’s downfall in the film begins with the death of his child. Hit in the street by a truck, the child lies dying as John tries seems to fight the sights and sounds of the city that killed his daughter. Her death continues to haunt John as he relives the scene over and over at work. Eventually he loses his job and his wife, and he wanders around with nothing to live for. He reunites with Mary in the end and they attend a show, where on the program is an advertising slogan that he is responsible for. He rejoices in this achievement, and is then able to laugh at the show, joining the rest of the people in the crowd. It is a touching and realistic ending that Vidor called †Å"A perfectly natural finish for the story of Mr. Anyman† (Bergman 76). In the early 1930s Vidor wanted to take the trials and unrest of the common man and put it into a film, so he read as many articles as he could on the subject (Vidor 220). He came across an article by a college professor in Reader’s Digest that proposed the implementation of agricultural co-operatives as a solution to unemployment. Vidor used this concept to formulate his story with his wife, and the two of them began work on the script. They finished the story in four months, which they titled Our Daily Bread. It followed a trend of other â€Å"back to the earth† films that came out in 1933, such as King Kong, State Fair, The Life of Jimmy Dolan, and Stranger’s Return. With the script finished Vidor tried to sell the idea to Irving Thalberg at MGM, but although he expressed a liking for the story, he didn’t think it appropriate for MGM (Vidor 221). Vidor had no better luck with anyone else until he appealed to Charlie Chaplin, a co-owner of United Artists. UA agreed to release the picture, but Vidor still had to produce it himself. To get funding he hocked everything he could, raising about $125,000 to budget his film. With this money Vidor was able to make his film about an ideal social system, where people work together towards a common goal with a relationship based on trust to form a utopian community, showing the romantic idealist in Vidor (Welsh 446). Vidor wanted to take the same protagonists from The Crowd, John and Mary, and place them in Our Daily Bread so that he could move them out of the city and show them in a rural environment. Vidor wanted to offer an alternative lifestyle that involved getting away from the big cities and li ving off of the land. His conception of the agricultural co-operatives suggested a shifting away from industrialization and instead refocusing on the countries agricultural strengths to pull us out of the Depression. In Our Daily Bread, John and Mary begin in the city, both out of work. They get a break when a relative of Mary gives them the rights to an abandoned farm, so they back up what they can and leave the city for the country. However, their ignorance in agriculture has them turn to the help of others, an immigrant farmer and his family. They know how to farm and offer their services in exchange for being able to stay on the land with them. This starts a trend as they begin taking in out of work people that happen to pass by. The community that forms consists of people of all trades; there is even a criminal who serves as the commune’s cop. And they also take in trouble in the form of the town hussy, the platinum blonde Sally. .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 , .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 .postImageUrl , .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 , .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4:hover , .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4:visited , .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4:active { border:0!important; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4:active , .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4 .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u82c70ee824f58c3ff9795282e874b7d4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Immorality In Television EssayWith the people in place the commune holds a campfire meeting to decide what direction they want their co-operative to head towards. John is willing to cede ownership of the land to the group. Much political rhetoric of a varied nature goes on, with ideas that swing from fascist to socialist to communist, but the group settles on having one strong leader in a democratic system, and that leader being John, despite his inexperience at farming. The commune runs into trouble when a drought hits and the corn crop is in danger. The commune must scrounge for food because they have no money to buy supplies. The criminal offers to give himself up to authorities so that the commune may collect on the $500 reward being offered for him, but the commune declines. The trouble that the commune has causes John to lose interest not only in the farm but also his wife as he becomes taken with Sally. When things seem darkest, John decides to run with Sally back to the city. However, shortly after leaving John gets a vision of an irrigation ditch they can build from a nearby stream that can save the crops. He turns around an presents his idea to the commune and they buy into it and set to work on digging it. The sequences were shot by Vidor as if it were a ballet (Vidor 224). The films end with the ditch being a success, with full and health crops in a very fantasy like endingIt is this lack of realism that makes Our Daily Bread an inferior film, especially as a follow up to The Crowd. The Crowd was a heart-wrenching look at the insanity of city life that showed how contentment could only be achieved by losing one’s sense of self. Our Daily Bread is an unrealistic solution to the Depression, which is also hindered by its poor acting and characters, in particular John, played by Tom Keene. The bad acting can perhaps be excused by the fact that Vidor hadn’t much of a budget to work with, but the character he presented in John was not a good example of a working class hero. John is weak and incompetent and it does not stand to reason that the co-operative would elect him as their leader. When things get tough John makes it his opportunity to run off with Sally. And it is not guilt of leaving his wife that brings him back, but his vision of an irrigation ditch that makes him turn back. His insight into the irrigation ditch is also a questionable plot mechanism. John is not the experienced farmer, but the immigrant who was first to arrive at the co-operative is. It is unreasonable to conceive that thousands of years of humans developing farming techniques would be lost on this poor Swede to where he would never come up with the concept of an aqueduct. This is one of several agricultural inaccuracies. The water they use in the end supposedly comes from a mountain stream. If this is true then mountain land is not fertile enough to grow corn and wheat, like what was being done in the co-operative. Also, it was suggested that the co-operative was growing their crops to sell, not just subsistence. During this time period there was a surplus of corn and wheat. There was no market for their crops. What makes this film particularly bad is how confused is seems ideologically at times. The campfire scene has moments were the film is very much leftist, then it swings to the right (Durgnat 149). John tries to give up ownership of the land to the co-operative, a left-wing act, but they feel it would be an ungrateful act, similar to an anti-welfare attitude. They also demand a strong leader and choose John, which he proudly accepts, also a right-wing attitude. There are other instances where there is a more leftist attitude, where people sacrifice for the good of the collective, which leans almost towards communism. The best example is when the criminal/cop turns himself in for the $500 reward to feed the commune. What best illustrated this confusion is the film’s winning second prize at a Soviet film festival in Moscow, yet didn’t receive first prize because they considered it to be â€Å"capitalist propaganda.† The Hearst press machine labeled the film â€Å"p inko†, and the Los Angeles Times refused an advertising layout because the film went too far to the left in their opinion (Vidor 227). .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 , .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 .postImageUrl , .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 , .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841:hover , .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841:visited , .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841:active { border:0!important; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841:active , .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841 .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac4197d88606a5f9ae10d146e2c07841:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diabetes EssayWith the country in the midst of The Great Depression it is easy to see why the film was well received. The system that was currently in place was obviously not working. People wanted a solution to their problems. Vidor offered the means to a utopian society where people could work together towards a common goal, everyone doing equal share, everyone taking equal rewards. But his vision was unachievable. People out of work in the cities didn’t have relatives that owned farms and were willing to give them away. Cash crops were not bringing enough to earn a living. Vidor’s dream for pulling America out of the Depression was nothing more than what i t was: a dream. Bibliography:Works CitedBergman, Andrew. We’re in the Money: Depression America and its Films. New York:NYU Press, 1971. Durgnat, Raymond Simmon, Scott. King Vidor, American. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988. Vidor, King. A Tree is a Tree. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1952. Welsh, James M. â€Å"Vidor, King Wallis.† The Political Companion to American Film. Ed. Gary Crowdus. Lakeview Press, 1994.